The Conversation on Biotechnology

Series Editor's Foreword
Preface
Part I. Building Blocks of Life
1. What Is mRNA? The Messenger Molecule That's Been in Every Living Cell for Billions of Years Is of Great Interest to Vaccine Developers
2. What Is CRISPR, the Gene Editing Technology That Won the Chemistry Nobel Prize?
3. What Is a Protein? A Biologist Explains
4. Three Ways RNA Is Being Used in the Next Generation of Medical Treatment
5. Why Sequencing the Human Genome Failed to Produce Big Breakthroughs in Disease
6. Editing Genes Shouldn't Be Too Scary—Unless They Are the Ones That Get Passed to Future Generations
7. How Many Genes Does It Take to Make a Person?
8. Everything You Wanted to Know about the First Cloned Mammal—Dolly the Sheep
9. From CRISPR to Glowing Proteins to Optogenetics—Scientists' Most Powerful Technologies Have Been Borrowed from Nature
Part II. Biotechnology, Food, and the Environment
10. What Is Bioengineered Food? An Agriculture Expert Explains
11. Organic Farming with Gene Editing: An Oxymoron or a Tool for Sustainable Agriculture?
12. How We Got to Now: Why the US and Europe Went Different Ways on GMOs
13. Can Genetic Engineering Save Disappearing Forests?
14. How Scientists Make Plant-Based Foods Taste and Look More Like Meat
15. Genetically Modified Mosquitoes May Be the Best Weapon for Curbing Disease Transmission
16. How Engineered Bacteria Could Clean Up Oil Sands Pollution and Mining Waste
Part III. Powerful Tools for Medicine and Health
17. New Gene Therapies May Soon Treat Dozens of Rare Diseases, but Million-Dollar Price Tags Will Put Them out of Reach for Many
18. Engineered Viruses Can Fight the Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
19. Genetic Engineering Transformed Stem Cells into Working Mini-livers That Extended the Life of Mice with Liver Disease
20. We're Creating "Humanized Pigs" in Our Ultraclean Lab to Study Human Illnesses and Treatments
21. When Researchers Don't Have the Proteins They Need, They Can Get AI to "Hallucinate" New Structures
22. Living Drugs: Engineering Bacteria to Treat Genetic Diseases
23. How Gene-Editing a Person's Brain Cells Could Be Used to Curb the Opioid Epidemic
24. CRISPR Can Help Combat the Troubling Immune Response against Gene Therapy
25. 3D-Printed Organs Could Save Lives by Addressing the Transplant Shortage
26. From Marmots to Mole-Rats to Marmosets—Studying Many Genes in Many Animals Is Key to Understanding How Humans Can Live Longer
Part IV. Genetic Frontiers and Ethics
27. Scared of CRISPR? 45 Years on, IVF Shows How Fears of New Medical Technology Can Fade
28. How Can a Baby Have 3 Parents?
29. Ethicists Need More Flexible Tools for Evaluating Gene-Edited Food
30. Lab-Grown Embryos and Human-Monkey Hybrids: Medical Marvels or Ethical Missteps?
31. Those Designer Babies Everyone Is Freaking Out about Are Not Likely to Happen
32. Bioweapons Research Is Banned by an International Treaty—but Nobody Is Checking for Violations
33. From Coronavirus Tests to Open-Source Insulin and Beyond, "Biohackers" Are Showing the Power of DIY Science
Contributors
Index